Somaliland declares independence, but is not recognized by any UN state. Union of Trust Territory of Somalia (former Italian Somaliland) and State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland) Mozambique holds its first multiparty election since the Civil Warįederal Government of Somalia established. Mauritania withdraws from Tiris al-Gharbiyya (part of Western Sahara) The Malagasy Republic was created as autonomous state within French Communityįrance recognizes Madagascar's independence Independence from UN Trusteeship (British and French administration after Italian governance ends in 1947) Independence from American Colonization Society Union of British Togoland with Gold CoastĪutonomous republic within French CommunityĪrea that is now Lesotho placed under British rule The eastern borders of Libya and British Egypt are changed to their present boundaries.īadme ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean–Ethiopian War). The UK ends its protectorate, granting independence to Egypt Merger of part of British Cameroons with CameroonĮgyptian revolution of 1952, Egyptian monarchy overthrown in a military coup, republic declared Sedudu ruled to belong to Botswana rather than Namibia by the International Court of Justice. Most recent significant territorial modificationĪlgeria gains sovereignty over the entire Algerian territory upon independence from France.īorders of French Protectorate of Dahomey set at conclusion of Second Franco-Dahomean War For a more detailed description of a country's formation and history, please see the main article for that country. The following list contains the formation dates of countries with a short description of those events. Such dates reflect not the formation of a state (an independent political entity), but of a nation (an ethnic or cultural grouping), terms that are often conflated in the context of nation states. Many countries have some remote (or fantastically remote) symbolic foundation date as part of their national mythology, sometimes artificially inflating a country's "age" for reasons of nationalism, sometimes merely gesturing at a long and gradual process of the formalizing national identity. Independence dates for widely recognized states earlier than 1919 should be treated with caution, since prior to the founding of the League of Nations, there was no international body to recognize nationhood, and independence had no meaning beyond mutual recognition of de facto sovereigns (the role of the League of Nations was effectively taken over by the United Nations after the Second World War). Nation-building is a long evolutionary process, and in most cases the date of a country's "formation" cannot be objectively determined e.g., the fact that England and France were sovereign kingdoms on equal footing in the medieval period does not prejudice the fact that England is not now a sovereign state (having passed sovereignty to Great Britain in 1707), while France is a Republic founded in 1792 (though the term France generally refers to the current French Fifth Republic government, formed in 1958).Īn unambiguous measure is the date of national constitutions but as constitutions are an almost entirely modern concept, all formation dates by that criterion are modern or early modern (the oldest extant constitution being that of San Marino, dating to 1600). įor proposed states or various indigenous nations which consider themselves still under occupation, see list of active autonomist and secessionist movements. This does not include extinct states, but does include several states with limited recognition. This list includes the 195 states which are currently full member states or observer states of the United Nations. ( July 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)īelow is a list of sovereign states with the dates of their formation (date of their independence or of their constitution), sorted by continent. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This article possibly contains original research.
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